Hospital Practices and Research

Abstract Background: Craniosynostosis, is defined as the premature fusion of the cranial sutures, which can cause impair brain development and cognitive problems.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiological features of children with craniosynostosis. This assessment includes the characteristics of the patients, their parents as well as their socioeconomic status.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed from 2015 to 2020 in Imam Hossein Children's Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. For this purpose, 220 patients under craniosynostosis treatment were included. Accordingly, multidisciplinary team examined the participants. Furthermore, a CT-scan was performed on all patients. Participants underwent surgical intervention. The recorded information was classified into four sections: 1. characteristic data of children with craniosynostosis 2. Family history and parental information, including underlying diseases and drug history 3. Socioeconomic status 4. Treatment and surgery.
Results: According to findings, 151 (68.7 %) of participants were male and 171 (77.9%) had term delivery.  The average birth weight was 2.92 kg and head circumference were 34.4 cm. The mean age of children at the time of surgery was 7.74 months and the mortality rate was 3 (1.4%). Moreover, 90% were operated once and 10% were operated two or three times. The most common type of craniosynostosis was Metopic 59 (59.4%). In relation to parenteral data, 96 (43.6%) of parents had consanguineous marriage and 6.4% had 1st and 2nd degree family with craniosynostosis.
Conclusion: To coclude, attention must be directed towards the potential risk of craniosynostosis in offspring born to consanguineous couples. Moreover, parents must receive guidelines for managing children affected by craniosynostosis.

Abstract Background: Sodium disorders are one of the most important electrolyte disorders among brain trauma patients.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of hyponatremia in patients with moderate and severe brain trauma and its relationship with disease prognosis.
Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted on brain trauma patients visiting Kashani Hospital in Isfahan city in 2023. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS 24.
Results: Out of the 54 examined (23 severe TBI and 31 moderate TBI) patients, hypernatremia was observed in seven cases (13%), and hyponatremia was observed in 23 cases (42.7%). Hyponatremia on the first day had a significant relationship with the bad prognosis of the disease. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the type of imaging findings and GOS, so that people who had ICH imaging findings were associated with a poorer prognosis p <0.05.
Conclusion: On the first day, hyponatremia had a significant prevalence in moderate and severe brain trauma patients, which was associated with a bad prognosis of the disease, and this relationship is not dependent on factors such as age, gender, and cause of trauma.