The Anti-inflammatory Role of Curcumin in Osteoarthritis: An Overview of Molecular and Radiologic Changes
Volume 7, Issue 1, Winter 2022, Pages 1-3
https://doi.org/10.34172/hpr.2022.01
Reza Gerami, Ramezan Jafari, Niloufar Nazeri, Amin Saburi
Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, causing pain and progressive disability in millions of people worldwide. The commonly prescribed medications for OA, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, have many side effects which has led the scientists to consider safer drugs as an alternative. Therapeutic effects of Curcumin on OA are increasingly declared, and its various aspects in suppressing inflammation and reducing the disease progression are examined more thoroughly. This study aims to discuss curcumin and OA to help scientists working in these fields. In this brief review, we took a look at OA pathogenesis, the role of the immune system, and the biomarkers involved in the onset and progression of the disease. We focused on available data on the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of treatment by curcumin on OA.
A Review of the Role of Interleukin-2 in the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder in Hospitalized Patients
Volume 6, Issue 3, Summer 2021, Pages 85-92
https://doi.org/10.34172/hpr.2021.17
Seyed Alireza Seyed Ebrahimi, Elham Karamian, Zahra Sadat Goli, Leila Sadat Mirseifi
Abstract Background: Hospitalization due to any reason or medical condition is associated with fear, anxiety, and depression. Psychological and physiological factors have a significant impact on hospitalization outcomes.
Objectives: Given the functional importance of inflammatory cytokines and studies in previous studies on the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and major depressive disorder, we will focus more on studies on the role of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder in hospitalized patients.
Methods: We used PubMed, Scopus, and Elsevier databases to search for articles from 1999 to 2021, emphasizing the studies of the last five years.
Results: In general, there was no consistent pattern in the observed relationships between cytokine concentrations or changes and clinical signs of significant depression. IL-2 and IL, two receptors in the body, play an essential role in the treatment and the pathophysiology of depression and major depression.
Conclusion: Finally, it can be concluded that hospitalization generally exposes the patient to inflammation. Studies show an increased risk of inflammation following hospitalization of patients, and many studies confirm the association of major depression with inflammatory cytokines and, more concentrated, IL-2.