Emmanuel O. Taiwo; Lateef OA. Thanni
Abstract
Background: Serum lipid levels are known to be affected by the level of smoking of individuals in an environment. The prevalence of current smokers in Nigeria is 10.4%. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the blood lipid levels of selected people of Sagamu, Nigeria. Methods: This study involved 100 ...
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Background: Serum lipid levels are known to be affected by the level of smoking of individuals in an environment. The prevalence of current smokers in Nigeria is 10.4%. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the blood lipid levels of selected people of Sagamu, Nigeria. Methods: This study involved 100 subjects selected using random sampling method in Sagamu, aged 25 to 54 years. Hypertensive and Diabetic subjects were exempted. The weight in kg and height in meters of each subject were measured. The body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) was calculated. Lipid profile (LP) was determined by analytical method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 80 males and 20 females in the study population. 40 (80.0%) males and 10 (20.0%) females were smokers in the study group. There were 24 (48.0%) smokers and 27 (54.0%) non-smokers in the age group 25 and 34 years. Two (4.0%) smokers of the study group were obese while 4 (8.0%) were obese non-smokers. Eighteen (36.0%) smokers and 14 (28.0%) non-smokers were overweight. The average total cholesterol (TC) of 198.71 ± 2.30 mg/dL in smokers was significantly greater than 174.62 ± 1.51 mg/dL in non-smokers (P < 0.05). The mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 56.74 ± 1.15 mg/dL in non-smokers was significantly higher than 40.87 ± 1.32 mg/dL in smokers (P < 0.05). The average TC of 195.38 ± 2.22 mg/dL in male smokers was significantly greater than 166.04 ±1.51 mg/dL in male non-smokers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The HDL levels in smokers are lower than non-smokers. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and TC in smokers are however higher. The lipid levels of smokers gotten from this study can be used as a baseline for future study.
Leila Salek Ebrahimi; Seyedeh Elnaz Mousavi; Banafsheh Gharraee; Jahangir Mohammadi Bytamar; Mohsen Saberi Isfeedvajani
Abstract
Background: Cognitive errors have been presented as effective factors in the creation and continuation of obsessive–compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder. Psychological resilience is an important factor in the tolerance of cognitive errors. Objective: The present study aimed to compare ...
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Background: Cognitive errors have been presented as effective factors in the creation and continuation of obsessive–compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder. Psychological resilience is an important factor in the tolerance of cognitive errors. Objective: The present study aimed to compare cognitive errors and the psychological resilience of patients with social anxiety disorder and those with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated a total of 60 patients, 30 with social anxiety disorder and 30 with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), seen at a hospital in Zanjan city, Iran, in 2017. Participants were aged between 15 and 50 years. Participants were chosen using convenience sampling and on the basis of psychiatrist diagnosis and structured diagnostic interviews (SCID-I, II) according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CET) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to assess the variables. Results: A significant difference was observed between the two patient groups in the cognitive errors components (P ≤ 0.05). In patients with OCD, the highest average rate of cognitive errors was related to catastrophizing and splitting error. In patients with SAD, the highest mean rate of cognitive errors was related to catastrophizing. There was no significant difference in psychological resilience between the two groups. Conclusion: Cognitive errors play an important role in OCD and social anxiety disorder (SAD). OCD patients were observed to make more cognitive errors than SAD patients. However, psychological resilience was equal between both groups.
Zeynep Özsoy; Dilek Ekici
Abstract
Background: The organizational culture, justice, and ethical practices found in nursing services and health services have numerical superiority and a significant importance.Objective: This descriptive study aimed to determine the relationship among ethical behavior, organizational justice and culture ...
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Background: The organizational culture, justice, and ethical practices found in nursing services and health services have numerical superiority and a significant importance.Objective: This descriptive study aimed to determine the relationship among ethical behavior, organizational justice and culture in public and private hospitals.Methods: One hundred fifty-three nurses working for at least 6 months in a private or public hospital in Ankara participated in this study. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of three parts: participant demographic data, the ethical leadership scale, and organizational justice.Results: The perceptions regarding organizational culture and ethical behavior of nurses working in a private hospital were found to be greater than those of nurses working in a public hospital. A statistically significant relationship was found between the nurses’ perceptions of organizational culture and justice. A similar relationship between perceptions of nurses regarding organizational culture and ethical behavior was also noted. The results showed that organizational culture explained 30% of the ethical leadership behavior of managers and 35% of organizational justice.Conclusion: The perceptions of nurses regarding justice and ethical behaviors are significantly affected by their work culture exposed in the case of increasing of non-ethic and non-fair behaviours it was the nurses perceive more strength and role culture.
Reena Kumari Vijayakumaran; Anita Eves; Margaret Lumbers
Abstract
Background: One way to improve hospital food provision is certainly by understanding the management of hospital foodservices, but there is limited detailed information about staff roles in food provision in many hospitals around the world. Objective: The hospital meal experience of patients, a part of ...
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Background: One way to improve hospital food provision is certainly by understanding the management of hospital foodservices, but there is limited detailed information about staff roles in food provision in many hospitals around the world. Objective: The hospital meal experience of patients, a part of the services provided by hospitals, is becoming important. Therefore, the role of various hospital staff members was studied through their behavior, attitudes, and practices so as to understand how the foodservice system works to address patients’ food consumption. Methods: This qualitative research used the convenient sampling method. Data was collected by interviewing twenty hospital employees with different job scopes (nurses, doctors, dietitians, foodservice managers, and directors of hospital foodservices) in 6 public hospitals. Results: Themes such as providing familiar food, food as the motivational factor for consumption, empathy shown by staff, and influences of the eating environment were identified using content analysis. Conclusion: The viewpoints and experiences of key stakeholders facilitated the understanding of various factors involved in the provision of hospital food which affect patients’ decisions to accept and consume food.
Samaneh Aghajani; Mehrdad Kargari
Abstract
Background: Length of stay is one of the most important indicators in assessing hospital performance. A shorter stay can reduce the costs per discharge and shift care from inpatient to less expensive post-acute settings. It can lead to a greater readmission rate, better resource management, and more ...
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Background: Length of stay is one of the most important indicators in assessing hospital performance. A shorter stay can reduce the costs per discharge and shift care from inpatient to less expensive post-acute settings. It can lead to a greater readmission rate, better resource management, and more efficient services. Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing length of hospital stay and predict length of stay in the general surgery department. Methods: In this study, patient information was collected from 327 records in the surgery department of Shariati Hospital using data mining techniques to determine factors influencing length of stay and to predict length of stay using three algorithms, namely decision tree, Naïve Bayes, and k-nearest neighbor algorithms. The data was split into a training data set and a test data set, and a model was built for the training data. A confusion matrix was obtained to calculate accuracy. Results: Four factors presented: surgery type (hemorrhoid), average number of visits per day, number of trials, and number of days of hospitalization before surgery; the most important of these factors was length of stay. The overall accuracy of the decision tree was 88.9% for the training data set. Conclusions: This study determined that all three algorithms can predict length of stay, but the decision tree performs the best.
Aso Nasih Qadir; Bakhtiar Mohamed Mahmoud; Taha Othman Mahwi; Delman Mohammed Raoof Arif Al-Attar; Safeen Othman Mahmood
Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are responsible for days of costly hospitalization and are the major cause of medical lower limb amputations. Determining the appropriate antimicrobial therapy for DFUs is highly dependent on recognizing the microorganisms that cause them. Many reports have indicated ...
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Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are responsible for days of costly hospitalization and are the major cause of medical lower limb amputations. Determining the appropriate antimicrobial therapy for DFUs is highly dependent on recognizing the microorganisms that cause them. Many reports have indicated that there has been a remarkable increase in antibiotic resistance. Objectives: The present study examined various cultures of patients with DFUs to detect the prevalence of microorganisms and their antibiotic sensitivity profiles. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 92 patients with DFUs admitted to Shar Teaching Hospital and Shahid Hemin Teaching Hospital. Wagner Classification was used to assess the severity and location of the DFUs. Patients were asked questions about their practices of foot care and hygiene, and their answers were recorded. Samples required for testing were taken using sterile swabs. Results: A total of 100 microorganisms were isolated from 92 patients with DFUs, 10 of which were polymicrobial and 2 were culture-negative. There was a highly significant association between the isolated gram-negative microorganisms and higher grades of DFU (P < 0.001). A highly significant association was also observed between bad patient knowledge of hygiene practices and gram-negative microorganisms (P < 0.001). Osteomyelitis was present in 40 (43.4%) patients. Conclusion: Among gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli were, respectively, the most frequent organisms isolated. The antibiotic imipenem was found to be effective against microorganisms. Tetracycline, erythromycin, and ceftriaxone, however, were highly resistant to antibiotics. To sum up, since different microorganisms are involved and multidrug-resistant strains might emerge, clinicians are recommended to take cultures into account before they initiate empirical therapy.
Hassan Ali Mohebbi; Soleiman Heydari; Hamid Reza Majdi; Mehran Pouraqajani
Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer is the eighth-most common cancer and the sixth-most common cause of cancer death worldwide. In Iran, its prevalence is high. Surgery is recommended for tumors in early stages.Objectives: This study aims to determine demographic data, therapeutic approaches, postoperative ...
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Background: Esophageal cancer is the eighth-most common cancer and the sixth-most common cause of cancer death worldwide. In Iran, its prevalence is high. Surgery is recommended for tumors in early stages.Objectives: This study aims to determine demographic data, therapeutic approaches, postoperative mortality, and survival rate in patients with esophageal cancer who were managed in a referral hospital.Methods: In a cohort study, the patients hospitalized during six-year period were evaluated. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, laboratory data, surgical approaches, and survival time were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using life tables, proportional hazard Cox regression, and the Kaplan-Meier method by SPSS version 20 software. Survival curves were compared by log-rank analysis.Results: Over six years, 92 patients were admitted of which 54 (58.7%) were male. The average age was 63.08±12.03 years. Ten patients (10.8%) were below 50 years old. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common type (85.8%). Fifty-three patients (57.6%) were selected for the surgery. Postoperative mortality in 30 days occurred in 7 patients (13.2%). The median survival rate was 12.8±2.92 months. The survival rate for one, three and five years were 51.94%, 24.67% and 19.48%, respectively. Two factors that had significant statistical correlation with median survival time were metastasis (P = 0.01) and vomiting (P = 0.003).Conclusion: Esophageal cancer is a poor prognostic disease and esophagectomy is a morbid operation. To reduce postoperative mortality and increase the survival time, better patient selection and operations by expert surgeons must be considered.
Parvin Ebrahimi; Mohammadali Taghi Nattaj Darzi Naghibi; Soudabeh Vatankhah; Ghassem Faghanzadeh Ganji
Abstract
Background: Open heart surgery is a prevalent therapeutic intervention for cardiovascular diseases. Significant adverse effects occur after heart surgery, one of which is patient readmission to the hospital. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between performance indicators ...
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Background: Open heart surgery is a prevalent therapeutic intervention for cardiovascular diseases. Significant adverse effects occur after heart surgery, one of which is patient readmission to the hospital. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between performance indicators and the readmission of patients with open heart surgery in a teaching hospital in Iran. Methods: This study was performed using a cross-sectional and descriptive method with a retrospective approach. Data was collected on a data collection form. The statistical population of this study comprised all patients who underwent open heart surgery from mid-September 2015 to mid-September 2016 in a teaching hospital in the north of Iran (n=849). Those patients readmitted to the hospital within 90 days after discharge, based on a review of patient records, were included in the study. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for data analysis by SPSS 20. Results: Among the patients who had open heart surgery in the selected hospital, 12.5% were readmitted within 90 days after discharge. The most important reasons for readmission in this study were infection in surgery place (25.8%), pleural effusion (18.7%), warfarin toxicity (9.8%), and tamponade (8.9%). There were inverse relationships between patient readmission and the two performance indicators of bed occupancy percentage (r = -0.594, P = 0.042) and bed turnover rate (r = -0.664, P = 0.018). There were no statistically significant relationships between any of the other indicators (length of stay, mortality, and bed turnover interval) and readmission rate (P > 0.1). Conclusion: Hospital authorities can use these results for bed management and targeting interventions to reduce costs and readmissions as a measure of hospital quality. However, further research into readmission factors in other hospitals is recommended.
Farshid Rahimibashar; Amir Vahedian-Azimi; Mahmood Salesi; Masoum Khosh Fetrat
Abstract
Background: Endotracheal intubation (EI) associated with mechanical ventilation (MV) is frequently performed in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of important factors on the duration of tracheal intubation in patients ...
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Background: Endotracheal intubation (EI) associated with mechanical ventilation (MV) is frequently performed in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of important factors on the duration of tracheal intubation in patients with sepsis at the ICU admission. Methods: Adult patients admitted to the mixed medical–surgical ICUs with sepsis at the ICU admission who needs prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) (≥ 21 days) were included in this retrospective secondary analysis study. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients were assessed as risk factors associated with the duration of MV by univariate and multivariate Binary logistic regression. Results: Eighty-five patients required more than 21 days of MV. Out of the 85 patients, 52 (61.2%) patients were intubated within 30 to 34.50 days and 33 (38.8%) patients had intubation within 34.51 to 65 days, and categorized as PMV and very prolonged MV groups, respectively. Two parameters were significantly associated with very prolonged MV which are as follows: older age 1.229 (95% CI: 1.002-1.507, P = 0.048) and long hospital stay (LOS) 2.996 (95% CI: 1.676-5.356, P < 0.001). No significant survival difference was observed between the two groups of study. (33.3% vs. 25%, P = 0.406). Conclusion: Our observations showed that the older age and LOS as pre-ICU stay in patients with positive sepsis at the ICU admission can prolong the duration of intubation. In addition, no significant survival difference was observed between patients with PMV and very prolonged MV.
Seyed Morteza Mousavi Naeini; Shaban Mehrvarz; Ali Mohammad Madahian; Shahram Manoochehry; Hamid Reza Rasouli
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common women’s cancers, and the number of cases is increasing worldwide. Objective: The current study compared invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma with regard to the prevalence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor ...
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Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common women’s cancers, and the number of cases is increasing worldwide. Objective: The current study compared invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma with regard to the prevalence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and age prevalence. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 225 women diagnosed with invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma who were admitted to the Department of Surgery of Baqiyatallah hospital between March 2014 and March 2015. The ER and PR levels reported were based on the pathologists’ interpretation of assay results; both ER and PR were estimated to be positive when immunoperoxidase staining of the tumor cell nucleus was more than 10%. Results: The most common malignancy was invasive ductal carcinoma found in 213 patients (94.7%) with a mean age of 49.30 ± 12.25 years (0.706). The most common subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma was NOS (82.6%); patients of this type had a mean age of 49.68 ± 12.27 years. Among patients with infiltrative ductal carcinoma (IDC), 129 (60.6%) of them were ER positive. In patients with ILC, 11 cases (91.7%) were ER positive (P < 0.03). Among the patients who had IDC, 107 (50.2%) of them were PR positive. Also, 6 patients who had ILC (50.0%) were ER positive (P < 0.98). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the age prevalence of breast cancer in Iran is about 10 years sooner than the rest of the world. In addition, the prevalence rates of positive estrogen and progesterone receptors were lower in this study than in the majority of other studies, and these 2 features worsen the prognosis in the treatment of Iranian patients.
Sima Noohi; Mohammad Ghalamfarsa; Esmat Davoudi Monfared
Abstract
Background: The birth of a child with a hearing disability is a stressful event in the family. Since consanguineous marriages are associated with the incidence of congenital hearing loss, it is expected that such parents will experience greater psychological problems. Objective: The current study investigated ...
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Background: The birth of a child with a hearing disability is a stressful event in the family. Since consanguineous marriages are associated with the incidence of congenital hearing loss, it is expected that such parents will experience greater psychological problems. Objective: The current study investigated and compared anxiety, depression, and stress in parents of children with severe hearing loss who have undergone cochlear implantation with a focus on the relation between parents (consanguineous vs. non-consanguineous). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all 180 couples (360 individuals) who had become parents and attended Baqiyatallah hospital’s Cochlear Implant Center from 2007 to 2009. The participants included two groups of consanguineous (125 couples) and non-consanguineous (55 couples) parents. After providing consent to participate in this study, the participants completed the short form of the Depression and Anxiety and Stress Scale questionnaire (DASS-21). Data analysis was done using SPSS 17 and t test. Results: The participating parents had high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Depression and anxiety were significantly higher among the consanguineous parents (P=0.001 and P=0.005, respectively). However, stress levels were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Moreover, compared to the fathers, the mothers had higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it may be concluded that the birth of a child with hearing loss can be the source of psychological problems in parents, particularly in consanguineous parents. Furthermore, mothers are more psychologically vulnerable than fathers.
Hamid Mohammadi; Mohammad Meskarpour-Amiri
Abstract
Background: Optimal allocation of resources commensurate with performance improvement is the concerns of all countries including Iran. Estimation hospitals production function is important in the economic management of hospitals. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the production function ...
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Background: Optimal allocation of resources commensurate with performance improvement is the concerns of all countries including Iran. Estimation hospitals production function is important in the economic management of hospitals. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the production function of Iranian selected public hospitals as well as analyze the economic behavior in use of hospital resources. Methods: The study was conducted by using the input data of 67 Iranian selected public hospitals at 2013. In this study, expected production level of hospitals and marginal productivity of inputs were calculated by regression estimation of Cobb-Douglas production function. Results: The results showed that a 10% increase in net working hours of specialized human resources in public hospitals would cause 8.8% increase in average production level of inpatient services. Moreover, 10% increase of active beds would cause 1.1% increase in average production level of inpatient services in the studied hospitals. Also, the production levels in 40% of hospitals were lower than the average expected production level and did not have full performance. Conclusion: With the proper utilization of human resources and beds, production level in a significant number of hospitals can be improved.
Roshan Kamal Topno; Krishna Pandey; Banke Bihari Singh; Manas Ranjan Dikhit; Ashish Kumar; Maneesh Kumar; Ganesh Chandra Sahoo; Vidya Nand Rabidas; Niyamat Ali Siddiqui; Wakil Paswan; Arjun Lal; Diwakar Singh Dinesh; Pradeep Das
Abstract
Background: From Gaya and adjoining regions, the trend in patients admitted with acute neurological illness was investigated. Illnesses were identified as sudden outbreaks of Japanese virus encephalitis (JE), Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSV-1&2), and other acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). ...
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Background: From Gaya and adjoining regions, the trend in patients admitted with acute neurological illness was investigated. Illnesses were identified as sudden outbreaks of Japanese virus encephalitis (JE), Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSV-1&2), and other acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). Objective: In the current study, an investigation was carried out to assess potential infectious pathogens in patients aged 16 years or younger who were admitted to Anugrah Narayan Magadh Memorial Medical College Hospital, Gaya, with encephalitis-like symptoms. Methods: Cross-epidemiological, serological, and molecular biological studies were performed on samples collected from 71 patients below 16 years of age. Patients’ clinical histories, i.e. fever, socio-demographic characteristics, and other clinical data, were extracted from patient files. Results: The results showed confirmed AES cases, including 49.30% JE and 7.04% HSV positive patients. A higher case-fatality rate of 40% in JE and 40% HSV cases below 7 years of age were observed during treatment would become an unavoidable concern. The epidemical sex ratio was observed to be higher in girls than in boys (1.26:1). Conclusion: The results suggested that JE virus was found to be a main causative risk factor responsible for disease transmission in the outbreak area.
Emmanuel Anongeba Anaba; Moses Abile; Grace Adjei Okai
Abstract
Background: Assessing patient satisfaction with care is crucial for healthcare quality improvement. However, little is known about patient satisfaction with care in adolescent-friendly health facilities in Ghana. Objectives: This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction with quality of healthcare in ...
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Background: Assessing patient satisfaction with care is crucial for healthcare quality improvement. However, little is known about patient satisfaction with care in adolescent-friendly health facilities in Ghana. Objectives: This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction with quality of healthcare in adolescent-friendly health facilities. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of four adolescent-friendly health facilities in Tema, Ghana. In all, 386 adolescent clients/patients were recruited using the convenience sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was administered to respondents, and data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 22.0. Results: It was found that the majority (62%) of respondents were satisfied with the quality of care in adolescent-friendly health facilities. It was also found that overall satisfaction with quality of care was significantly influenced by the availability of health information materials (AOR = 4.99; 95% CI: 1.90-3.96) and positive provider attitudes (AOR = 25.76; 95% CI: 8.01-109.78). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that most adolescents were satisfied with the quality of care in adolescent-friendly health facilities. This is one of the few studies that have assessed adolescent satisfaction with the quality of care in Ghana. Stakeholders can leverage these findings to improve the quality of adolescent health services.
Shahriar Mali; Nahid Khajehmougahi; Somaye Hajatnia; Aida Farsham; Elham Hasibi; Reza Bidaki
Abstract
Background: Recently, some studies have investigated type D personality as a critical factor in developing depression and reducing the quality of life.Objectives: This study aimed to compare depression and quality of life after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with and without type D ...
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Background: Recently, some studies have investigated type D personality as a critical factor in developing depression and reducing the quality of life.Objectives: This study aimed to compare depression and quality of life after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with and without type D personalities.Methods: Sixty-nine participants who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting at Imam Khomeini hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, referred to the cardiac surgery clinic for their first visit (1 to 1.5 months after surgery) were included in the study. All participants completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire, type D personality scale, and Beck’s Depression Inventory. Finally, depression and quality of life were compared in two groups with and without type D personalities using ANOVA and correlation tests.Results: The two groups were significantly different in depression and quality of life scores after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Depression and quality of life impairment were higher in participants with type D personality. There was no significant relationship between depression and quality of life with age, gender, and occupation in participants with type D personality.Conclusion: Depression and quality of life were higher in patients with type D personality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery than patients without type D personality. Episodic screening of these patients can prevent future somatic and psychological problems.
Azadeh Farjami; Sezaneh Haghpanah; Peyman Arasteh; Rezvan Ardeshiri; Hakimeh Tavoosi; Zohre Zahedi; Shirin Parand; Mehran Karimi
Abstract
Background: Data on the frequency of hereditary bleeding disorders (HBDs) and associated mortality and morbidities during a long-term follow-up from Iran are scarce. Objective: This study evaluated the epidemiologic features among patients with HBD in one of the largest referral centers in southern Iran. ...
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Background: Data on the frequency of hereditary bleeding disorders (HBDs) and associated mortality and morbidities during a long-term follow-up from Iran are scarce. Objective: This study evaluated the epidemiologic features among patients with HBD in one of the largest referral centers in southern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 619 patients with HBD were evaluated during the period 1996 to 2011. Aside from baseline characteristics and type of factor deficiency, associated morbidities including viral infections, neurological disorders, asthma, thalassemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac and renal diseases were evaluated. Furthermore, among patients who died, the underlying disease and etiology of death were also evaluated. Results: Patients’ mean age was 24.4 ± 13.5 years. Factor VIII deficiency was the most prevalent type (50.4%) of HBD, and combined Von–Willebrand and factor XIII deficiency (2.3%) was the most prevalent type of combined factor deficiency. A total of 0.5% had hepatitis B and 11.5% had hepatitis C. Cardiac disease was seen in 1.5%, hypertension in 0.2%, renal disease in 0.2%, and diabetes in 1.3% of patients. Overall, 5.2% had intracranial hemorrhage, 2.1% had epilepsy, and 0.8% had mental retardation. During the 15-year follow-up, 22 patients died; car accident was the leading cause of death in this population. Conclusion: Associated morbidities were seen in 24.3% of patients with HBD. Most prevalent morbidities were HCV infections (11.5%) and neurological disease (7.3%). The mortality rate among patients with HBD was 3.4%, and the most common cause of death was accident, which is similar to that of normal Iranian populations.
Bahadır Geniş; Behçet Coşar; Selçuk Candansayar; Nermin Gürhan
Abstract
Background: The treatment and hospitalization of psychiatric patients has been a dilemma for many years. Many countries have different specific legislations regarding the hospitalization and treatment of mental patients. Objective: In the current study, 4100 voluntary/involuntary psychiatric admissions ...
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Background: The treatment and hospitalization of psychiatric patients has been a dilemma for many years. Many countries have different specific legislations regarding the hospitalization and treatment of mental patients. Objective: In the current study, 4100 voluntary/involuntary psychiatric admissions and readmissions to a university hospital in Turkey were investigated, and patient groups were compared in terms of demographic variables and psychiatric diagnoses based on DSM IV-TR. Methods: The records of patients who had been hospitalized approximately 4–6 weeks were reviewed by two psychiatrists, and the patients were then divided into groups on the basis of single/multiple admissions and voluntary/involuntary admissions. The groups were compared based on psychiatric diagnoses. Results: Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis in 71.5% (n = 865) of patients with multiple admissions. The second most common diagnosis was bipolar affective disorder with 13.1% (n = 159). The rate of schizophrenia in both voluntary and involuntary hospitalizations was significant (34.5% and 54.6%, respectively). However, depression, the second most common diagnosis requiring hospitalization with a rate of 23.2% of voluntary hospitalizations, accounted for only 3.7% of involuntary hospitalizations. Conclusion: Males constituted almost 75% of the single admission group. This difference may result from the socioeconomic and cultural profile of Turkey, as mental disorders make marriage impossible and are hidden in females suffering from them. Different findings from different cultures on single/multiple admissions and voluntary/involuntary admissions of patients lead to the conclusion that specific legislation covering treatment or hospitalization for mental disorders is needed in every country.
Afsoon Aeenparast; Faranak Farzadi; Farzaneh Maftoon; Hossien Yahyazadeh
Abstract
Background: Overcrowding is an important problem for outpatient services in healthcare facilities. Patient flow analysis (PFA) is a useful method for identifying inefficiencies in and facilitating patient flow. Objective: PFA was used to estimate patient wait time and determine how different clinical ...
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Background: Overcrowding is an important problem for outpatient services in healthcare facilities. Patient flow analysis (PFA) is a useful method for identifying inefficiencies in and facilitating patient flow. Objective: PFA was used to estimate patient wait time and determine how different clinical disciplines impact wait times in the studied hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated a study population comprised of outpatients who referred to clinics at a general hospital in Tehran, Iran. A total of 3836 samples were selected from different stations. Nonrandomized quota sampling was used, and data was gathered using workflow checklists, the content validity of which was proven by experts and hospital authorities. SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: Total patient stay in the outpatient setting was an estimated 77 minutes (without considering para-clinic units and pharmacy). More than 90% of this time was spent waiting. The wait time of patients at the clinic was greater than that at other stations, and it was less at the cash station than at other stations. Wait times varied at different clinics (P value < 0.001) and were correlated with physician delay (P value < 0.001). Conclusion: The most important result of using PFA in the outpatient setting was managing wait times. This study indicated that a considerable amount of a patient’s total stay in the system was related to waiting for physical examinations. This suggests that the first priority in improving the system should be managing patient wait times for physical examinations.
Shahnaz Keifi; Mohsen Shahriari; Zahra Baghersad; Donya Sheibani-Tehrani; Farzaneh Rejalian
Abstract
Background: The implementation of patient education within a hospital is a difficult task that plays a key role in improving and controlling diseases and providing quality healthcare services. Objective: The current study evaluated the effect of patient education on the quality of nursing care and inpatient ...
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Background: The implementation of patient education within a hospital is a difficult task that plays a key role in improving and controlling diseases and providing quality healthcare services. Objective: The current study evaluated the effect of patient education on the quality of nursing care and inpatient satisfaction in surgical wards of selected hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2014. The sample group consisted of 64 patients admitted to the surgical wards of select hospitals in Isfahan and selected using the voluntary sampling method. Participants were randomly divided into experimental (n=32) and control (n=32) groups. A patient education program was implemented for each subject in the experimental group (during hospitalization and after discharge), but no intervention was conducted for the control group. Data was collected from both groups before and after the educational intervention using the standard questionnaire SERVQUAL to measure expectations (with a reliability of 87%), perceptions (with a reliability of 85%), and inpatient satisfaction (with a reliability of 83%). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, and t-tests in SPSS software (ver. 20). Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that the patient education program significantly increased the mean scores of the quality of nursing services and inpatient satisfaction in the experimental group compared with the control group (p<0.01). Conclusion: A patient education program is an important pillar for improving public health. It is also a low-cost intervention to increase a patient's hope in living a good quality life.
Shervin Assari
Abstract
Background: As shown by Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), ethnic minorities show weaker than expected effects of education level on health outcomes. However, this pattern is better demonstrated for health behaviors and health care utilization than satisfaction with care. Additionally, more ...
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Background: As shown by Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), ethnic minorities show weaker than expected effects of education level on health outcomes. However, this pattern is better demonstrated for health behaviors and health care utilization than satisfaction with care. Additionally, more is known about MDRs in African Americans than the Latino population. Thus, there is a need to study MDRs of education on healthcare satisfaction in highly educated African American and Latino individuals. Objectives: We tested ethnic differences in the association between education level and satisfaction with healthcare among American adults. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (2015) included 24,835 adults who were Latino, non-Latino, African American, or White. The independent variable was education level. The dependent variable was satisfaction with healthcare. Age, gender, marital status, employment, region, physical health (self-rated health, and chronic diseases, body mass index), and mental health (psychological distress) were the covariates. Ethnicity was the moderator. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: Higher education level was associated with higher satisfaction with healthcare in White but not African Americans. In the pooled sample, African American ethnicity showed a significant statistical interaction with education level suggesting a significantly smaller effect of high educational attainment on satisfaction with healthcare for African Americans than White adults. A similar interaction could not be found for Latino ethnicity, suggesting that education similarly enhances healthcare satisfaction for Latino and non-Latino adults. Conclusion: High education level boosts satisfaction with healthcare for Whites but not African Americans.
Mohammad Sodavi; Shahrzad Shahidi; Donya Sheibani-Tehrani
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease is a health problem in today’s world and hemodialysis is an alternative method for patients with chronic renal failure. Preparing provincial and national information on the situation of patients can play a significant role in improving the quality of services ...
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Background: Chronic kidney disease is a health problem in today’s world and hemodialysis is an alternative method for patients with chronic renal failure. Preparing provincial and national information on the situation of patients can play a significant role in improving the quality of services provided to patients undergoing hemodialysis. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients on dialysis in hemodialysis centers in Isfahan and some other centers (up to 30 km distant). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,024 patients on dialysis in 13 dialysis centers in the early part of 2013. Studied variables were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test by SPSS version 22 software. Results: The results of 1024 patients undergoing hemodialysis includes the following: 60% (610 people) were male with a mean age of 54±17.67 years, and 92% (867 patients) had a private house. The family history of hemodialysis was positive in 24% (229 patients). In this study, 38% of patients (365 patients) were illiterate and the most common cause of kidney disease was diabetes in 42% (436) of the patients. Vascular access was venous-arterial fistula in 52% (519 people) with a mean hemodialysis of 52 months. Chronic renal failure was estimated at 300 per one million inhabitants in Isfahan Province (based on the last census in 2011 with the population estimated at 4,815,863 persons). Conclusion: Majority of the studied population variables was somewhat similar to the studies conducted in other provinces; the only major difference was the most common cause of chronic renal failure leading to dialysis.
Ahmet Karabulut
Abstract
Introduction: Iatrogenic aortocoronary dissection (ACD) is a nightmare in interventional cardiology. Although ACD is rarely reported, the real-world prevalence is suspected of being higher due to unreported cases. The right coronary artery (RCA) ostium is involved in the majority of cases, and dissections ...
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Introduction: Iatrogenic aortocoronary dissection (ACD) is a nightmare in interventional cardiology. Although ACD is rarely reported, the real-world prevalence is suspected of being higher due to unreported cases. The right coronary artery (RCA) ostium is involved in the majority of cases, and dissections are usually limited to the aortic sinus in half of the clinical presentations. There are different treatment strategies, including interventional approaches, surgery, and medical follow-up. Immediate stent deployment to the coronary osteum might be a life-saving procedure, and the surgical approach should be preferred in occasions of dissection extension beyond the sino-tubular junctions. Catheter trauma and subintimal progression of guidewires are major causes of ACD occurrence.Case Presentation: Herein presented is a case report of spontaneous ACD observed after contrast injection to the RCA ostium. Approximately 8 cc of radiocontrast agent was injected into the right coronary ostium. Antegrade and retrograde dissections which extended to the distal RCA and aortic root were observed. The right sinus of Valsalva was stained with contrast agent, and the border of the stained area was extended to the sinotubular junction. Medical follow-up was proposed by the heart team. Close follow-up with echocardiographic examination indicated the complete regression of the dissection.Conclusion: The authors consider conservative follow-up with echocardiogaphy rather than computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance to be the most appropriate imaging technique for use with stable patients.
Ali Firoozabadi; Leila Razeghian Jahromi; Shokoofeh Yaghmaie
Abstract
Background: Dissociation is a symptom that can be related to traumatic childhood events. Dissociation in some cases is categorized in a distinct subgroup from other psychiatric disorders. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dissociative experiences in patients who ...
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Background: Dissociation is a symptom that can be related to traumatic childhood events. Dissociation in some cases is categorized in a distinct subgroup from other psychiatric disorders. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dissociative experiences in patients who have attempted suicide and who have referred to an emergency psychiatric center. Methods: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study in which dissociative experiences were evaluated in 98 patients who referred to Ibn Sina and Hafez hospitals after attempting suicide. In addition to determining the prevalence of these experiences, the relation between the symptoms and variables such as sex, age, marital status, education and suicide risk was determined. Results: There was a significant difference in the level of disappointment between married and single patients (P = 0.047). The mean disappointment score for the overall population was 11.92, which is in the normal range. There was no significant relationship between the dissociation score and level of disappointment (P = 0.933). The prevalence of dissociative experiences was found to decrease as the age of the patients increased (P = 0.006). There was no significant difference between the rate of suicide as reflected in the measurement of disappointment and dissociative symptoms. There was no significant relationship between DES score and other variables. Conclusion: One cause of psychological pressure in deciding to attempt suicide is family conflict. Many individuals who attempt suicide did not have a thought-out desire to take their lives, but attempted it impulsively in response to a periodic stressor.
Elham Bazdar; Bonnie Bozorg; Fatemeh Ayoobi; Hamid Owliae; Reza Bidaki
Abstract
Background: Child abuse is defined as any act or omission which causes physical or psychological harassment and lasting effects on children. Injuries resulting from child abuse are widespread, and this trauma can lead to psychological problems in adulthood. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate ...
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Background: Child abuse is defined as any act or omission which causes physical or psychological harassment and lasting effects on children. Injuries resulting from child abuse are widespread, and this trauma can lead to psychological problems in adulthood. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between a history of child abuse and suicide attempts. Methods: In this case-control and retrospective study, patients admitted in 2016 to the toxicity emergency center in Yazd city, Iran, with symptoms of attempted suicide and patients of other conditions were recruited. Participants in the control and case groups were matched for age, gender, marital status, and place of residence. Each patient was given a questionnaire to collect information on demographics, history of suicide attempt or suicide in other members of the family, and history of child abuse (self-report scale) which investigated five aspects of childhood abuse (sexual, physical, neglect, lack of nutrition, and emotional neglect). Results: The chi-square test and t test were used in the analysis. Mean severity rates of physical, sexual, neglect, nutrition, and emotional child abuse were 8.49, 6.42, 10.4, 6.43, and 9.62, respectively, for the case group and 7.89, 5.52, 7.88, 5.92, and 8.52, respectively, for the control group. Conclusion: Statistical analysis revealed that except for nutritional abuse cases, the incidence rates of all other aspects of child abuse were significantly higher among cases than in the control group. The results of this study showed that a history of child abuse, especially sexual and emotional types, are correlated with the incidence of attempted suicide.
Ehsan Teymourzadeh; Mohammadkarim Bahadori; Mohammad Meskarpour-Amiri; Javad Khoshmanzar; Sayyed-Morteza Hosseini-Shokouh
Abstract
Background: Hospitals, the main providers of healthcare services, are costly centers which account for about 80% of the health sector budget and have a huge share of resources. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the economic performance of selected military hospitals in Tehran using hospital indicators ...
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Background: Hospitals, the main providers of healthcare services, are costly centers which account for about 80% of the health sector budget and have a huge share of resources. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the economic performance of selected military hospitals in Tehran using hospital indicators and inpatient bed-day costs. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study conducted in hospitals affiliated with a military medical university. Data was collected with forms completed by referring to the hospitals’ finance and accounting, medical records, staffing, and logistics departments. The extracted data converted to hospital indicators using the appropriate formulas and analyzed using Excel and SPSS software with the T-test. Results: The average bed occupancy rate (BOR) was 71%, the average length of stay (ALOS) was 2.5 days, the average bed turnover (BT) was 31 times, and the average bed turnover interval (BTI) was one day. The comparison of means of all the above-mentioned indicators other than BOR with the national standards was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Inpatient bed-day costs with and without capital costs were calculated to be 3 312 353 IRR and 12 253 775 IRR, respectively. Conclusion: Higher BOR and BT and lower ALOS and BTI indicators were appropriate compared with the national standards, but the cost performance was not appropriate. An unreasonable increase in inpatient bed-day cost revealed that there were unused beds and that hospitals had no monitoring systems for revenues and expenditures. Therefore, serious attention must be given to the scientific criteria and principles of health economics to improve resource productivity.