Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Hospital Practices and Research 2476-390X 8 3 2023 09 15 Traumatic Brain Injury and the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease 310 314 195761 10.30491/hpr.2024.442484.1416 EN Alireza Amin Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Tarokh Karimi Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-8736-8056 Mehdi Mahmoodkhani Department of Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0001-6903-0839 Journal Article 2023 06 09 <strong>Background:</strong> Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is considered as a risk factor for several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of post-TBI PD.<br /><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on two groups of patients referred to Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan in 2023. The first group consisted of patients who had suffered TBI 10 years ago. The second group included Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. Census sampling was performed in both groups based on the number of patients referred to the selected center. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS ver.22 and <em>p</em><0.05 was considered as the significance level.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 1260 PD patients, 25 (1.98%) had TBI and out of 200 TBI patients, 2 (1%) had PD. There was a significant relationship between the severity of moderate TBI and the PD incidence in patients in both groups (first group <em>p</em> = 0.0001 and second group <em>p </em>= 0.002) (<em>p </em><0.05). There was no significant relationship between the frequency of TBI and its mechanism with the PD incidence in both groups (<em>p </em>>0.05). The odd ratio of developing PD with a mean of 7 years after TBI diagnosis was 0.36, which increased to 1.42 with increasing the TBI duration to the mean age of 30 years.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the present study confirmed the need for information on the treatment and prevention of post-TBI PD. It should be noted that other underlying factors such as aging, genetics, etc. can also be effective in the development of PD. https://www.jhpr.ir/article_195761_7fcb4d4066099f79b34f8f400fd8306c.pdf