Hospital Practices and Research

The Role of Neutrophils Extracellular Traps in Autoimmune Diseases

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Seyed Kiarash Aghayan 1
Mohammad Reza Heydari 1
Javad Hosseini Nejad 2
Ali Zahiri 3
Mostafa Eslami Mahmoudabadi 3
Hadi Esmaeili Ghouvarchinghaleh 4

1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran

2 Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Students Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30491/hpr.2024.469006.1441
Abstract
Some neutrophils are shown to be able to release structures consisting of DNA strands associated with histones, decorated with about 20 proteins. These structures are called Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). NETosis is the process by which the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps eventually leads to cell death. Indeed, NETosis is a cell death process that is unique from other common types of cell death. Two kinds of NETosis have been identified, vital NETosis and suicidal NETosis. Vital NETosis, unlike suicidal NETosis, occurs a few minutes after neutrophil stimulation. Suicidal NETosis can be dependent on or independent of NADPH oxidase. NADPH-independent NETosis can be induced by calcium ionophores. As long as NETs are set up properly, they play an important role in fighting infections. However, if not properly adjusted, tissue damage and inflammation increase. Furthermore, NETs are involved in some autoimmune diseases.

Keywords

Neutrophils
NETosis
Autoimmune
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
NETs
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Hospital Practices and Research
Volume 9, Issue 1 - Serial Number 33
Winter 2024
Pages 381-388

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