Hospital Practices and Research

Comparative Impact of Cognitive Rehabilitation versus Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Hope and Self-Efficacy in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Hamide Vazirkhanlo
Marjan Alizadeh
Mojgan Sepahmansour

Department of Psychology, CT.B., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

10.30491/hpr.2026.567987.1529
Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional stage between normal age-related cognitive decline and dementia. In this population, psychological factors such as hope and self-efficacy are frequently impaired, contributing to reduced quality of life and potential progression to dementia.
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on self-efficacy and hope in individuals with MCI.
Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group and a three-month follow-up was employed. The study population comprised patients with MCI attending memory and cognitive rehabilitation clinics in Tehran in 2024. Forty-five participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly allocated to three groups: CR (n = 15), MBSR (n = 15), and control (n = 15). Each intervention group received 10 sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Outcomes were assessed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Adult Hope Scale. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: CR significantly improved self-efficacy at posttest (P < 0.01), with effects well maintained (and slightly numerically increased) at the three-month follow-up. MBSR showed no significant immediate effect on self-efficacy but was superior to control at follow-up. Both CR and MBSR significantly increased hope (P < 0.05), with CR showing greater improvements at posttest (P < 0.05). Direct comparisons indicated CR superiority over MBSR mainly at posttest for both outcomes.
Conclusion: Both interventions provide psychological benefits for individuals with MCI, but CR appears to be more effective in strengthening self-efficacy beliefs and future-oriented motivation. Clinically, this suggests CR as a valuable adjunct to support autonomy in MCI patients.

Keywords

Cognitive Training
Mindfulness
Self-efficacy
Hope
Cognitive Dysfunction
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Available Online from 30 June 2026

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